The Definitive Guide to SOA: Oracle® Service Bus, Second Edition targets
professional software developers and architects who know enterprise development
but are new to enterprise service buses (ESBs) and service–oriented architecture
(SOA) development. This is the first book to cover a practical approach to SOA
using the BEA AquaLogic Service Bus tool. And it’s written from the “source”—BEA
Systems AquaLogic product lead Jeff Davies.
* This book provides hands–on information to developing SOA–driven applications
with ESBs as central components.
* It also gives strategic guidance on SOA planning, web service life–cycle
management, administration of an ESB, and security considerations.
The Oracle Service Bus (OSB) is a rebranded version of the AquaLogic Service
Bus (ALSB) from BEA Systems. Readers of the first version of this book learned
about ALSB version 2.6 in depth. ALSB was released by BEA Systems in 2005.
In mid-2008, Oracle Corporation acquired BEA Systems. The ALSB product was
rebranded to OSB. The initial release of OSB is version 10.3, in compliance with
Oracle naming standards. As we write this, the rebranding of the ALSB product to
become OSB is still in progress. As a result, you may see differences in the text
and the screenshots of the live product. The screenshots were taken from the
“prebranded” version of ALSB. Wherever possible, we have used the new product name
in an effort to avoid confusion over the long term. Oracle had an ESB before the
acquisition of BEA. That product is now called Oracle Enterprise Service Bus (OESB).
OESB continues to be supported by Oracle.
JEFF DAVIES has more than 25 years of experience in the software
field. This includes developing retail applications, such as Act! for
Windows and Macintosh, and a number of other commercially
available applications, principally in the telecommunications and
medical fields. His background also includes the development, design,
and architecture of enterprise applications. Previous to joining BEA,
Jeff was Chief Architect at a telecommunications company and ran
his own consulting company for a number of years. Now at Oracle,
Jeff is focused on the SOA.
DAVID SCHOROW has more than 20 years experience working on
enterprise software. David is currently the Director of Software
Development, leading the Oracle Service Bus team. Previously, he
was the Chief Architect for BEA AquaLogic Service Bus. He has guided
the product’s development and evolution from the first release
through five (and counting) subsequent releases. Prior to joining
BEA, David was the chief Java architect at the NonStop division
of Hewlett-Packard, overseeing the development of a wide variety of
Java projects, including the NonStop Java Virtual Machine, NonStop
SQL JDBC drivers, the port of WebLogic Server to the NonStop platform, and other
demanding Java products. David has extensive experience in high-performance,
transactionprocessing
systems—the application environments used by the most demanding customers,
such as stock exchanges, airline reservations, health care, and banking.
SAMRAT RAY has more than 10 years of experience in the architecture,
design, and implementation of Java/J2EE-based enterprise
software. Samrat is a Product Manager at Oracle, where he is responsible
for RASP (Reliability, Availability, Scalability, Performance) aspects
of multiple products in the SOA Suite. As the Performance Architect
for AquaLogic Service Bus at BEA Systems, Samrat has been a key
contributor to the architecture and design of the product. He is
responsible for multiple innovative features that enable users to
build scalable and flexible SOAs using Oracle Service Bus. Samrat
has extensive experience in the areas of high-volume transaction processing and highperformance
message-oriented systems.
DAVID RIEBER has more than 12 years of experience working on
software development. David was a member of the BEA AquaLogic
Service Bus team since its inception. As the Security Architect for
AquaLogic Service Bus, he designed and implemented its security
model and made major contributions to OSB’s core runtime. Prior to
joining BEA, David was a senior software developer at Sun Microsystems,
where he worked on Sun’s Java HotSpot Virtual Machine. David
has aMaster’s Degree in Computer Science from Stanford University.
David is now a software engineer at Google Inc.
JAY KASI has been a software architect for about 20 years. He has
worked for Hewlett-Packard as a relational database management
system kernel architect, high-availability architect, and distributed
OLTP architect. He was the Chief Architect at Commerce One for
orchestration and ESB technologies, as well as B2B e-commerce
infrastructure. He was the architect for the first few releases of OSB
at BEA Systems, and later worked on designing and coordinating
the integrations of OSB with other products. He is currently one of
the Product Managers at Oracle for the SOA Suite.
BIRT is a powerful reporting platform that provides end-to-end reporting
solutions, from creating and deploying reports to integrating report
capabilities into other enterprise applications. Two companion books, BIRT: A
Field Guide to Reporting and Integrating and Extending BIRT, cover the breadth
and depth of BIRT’s functionality.
Application development tools and technology have come a long way since
the late 1970s, when I took my first job out of college in Hewlett-Packard
Company’s IT (Information Technology) department. Of course, IT was not
the term we used to refer to the discipline back then; our preferred acronym
was EDP (Electronic Data Processing).
And maybe that difference between simply “processing” data and delivering
“information” was reflected in our development tools. We worked on TTY
terminals connected to 16-bit mini-computers over 2400 baud lines. We used
simple line editors to make changes to our COBOL programs, and we kept
our application data in non-relational hierarchical databases. Debugging was
COBOL WRITE statements, and source code control was keeping full copies
of every version on tape or in separate directories.
Reports for our applications were typically afterthoughts, and they were
done by hand in the same technology we used to develop the base
application, i.e., COBOL. We designed them—when we did design—by
laying them out in pencil on the report design pads that IBM had developed
for RPG and COBOL programmers. Because we created them without much
forethought, and because junior programmers like me often got the
assignment of coding them, our users often found them inadequate, and the
cost of making changes to accommodate their true requirements was high.
But while today’s application developer may scratch his or her head in
wonder at the primitive tools and technologies we employed in building our
base applications in the late 1970s, he or she may not find my description of
our approach to report development so very unfamiliar.
This book is written for SQL Server developers by a SQL Server
developer. It’s written for anyone who wants to know how to
retrieve relational data in XML format, shred XML data back to
relational format, use XML Schema to strongly type XML data,
use XQuery to query XML data, or perform dozens of other SQL
Server XML tasks. In order to take advantage of SQL Server 2008’s
XML functionality, you will need a basic understanding of T-SQL.
Some of the code samples and concepts in the book utilize the SQL
Common Language Runtime (SQLCLR), and some are presented as .NET
client code. An understanding of the C# language and the Microsoft
.NET Framework is useful, though not required, to utilize these samples.
MICHAEL COLES has over a dozen years’ experience in SQL database design,
T-SQL development, and client-server application programming. He has
consulted in a wide range of industries, including the insurance, financial,
retail, and manufacturing sectors, among others. Michael’s specialty is
developing and performance-tuning high-profile SQL Server–based database
solutions. He currently works as a consultant for a business intelligence
consulting firm. He holds a bachelor’s degree in information technology
and multiple Microsoft and other certifications.
Michael has published dozens of highly rated technical articles online
and in print magazines, including SQL Server Central, ASP Today, and SQL
Server Standard magazines. Michael is the author of the book Pro T-SQL
2005 Programmer’s Guide (Apress, 2007) and a contributor to Accelerated
SQL Server 2008 (Apress, 2008).
This book contains a collection of general mathematical results, formulas,
and integrals that occur throughout applications of mathematics. Many of
the entries are based on the updated fifth edition of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik’s
”Tables of Integrals, Series, and Products,” though during the preparation of
the book, results were also taken from various other reference works.
The material has been arranged in a straightforward manner, and for the
convenience of the user a quick reference list of the simplest and most
frequently used results is to be found in Chapter 0 at the front of the book.
Tab marks have been added to pages to identify the twelve main subject areas
into which the entries have been divided and also to indicate the main
interconnections that exist between them. Keys to the tab marks are to
be found inside the front and back covers.
The Table of Contents at the front of the book is sufficiently detailed to
enable rapid location of the section in which a specific entry is to be found,
and this information is supplemented by a detailed index at the end of the book.
In the chapters listing integrals, instead of displaying them in their canonical
form, as is customary in reference works, in order to make the tables more
convenient to use, the integrands are presented in the more general form in
which they are likely to arise. It is hoped that this will save the user the
necessity of reducing a result to a canonical form before consulting the tables.
Wherever it might be helpful, material has been added explaining the idea underlying
a section or describing simple techniques that are often useful in the application
of its results. Standard notations have been used for functions, and a list of these
together with their names and a reference to the section in which they occur or are
defined is to be found at the front of the book. As is customary with tables of
indefinite integrals, the additive arbitrary constant of integration has always
been omitted. The result of an integration may take more than one form, often
depending on the method used for its evaluation, so only the most common forms
are listed. A user requiring more extensive tables, or results involving the less
familiar special functions, is referred to the short classified reference list at
the end of the book. The list contains works the author found to be most useful
and which a user is likely to find readily accessible in a library, but it is in
no sense a comprehensive bibliography. Further specialist references are to
be found in the bibliographies contained in these reference works. Every effort
has been made to ensure the accuracy of these tables and, whenever possible,results
have been checked by means of computer symbolic algebra and integration programs,
but the final responsibility for errors must rest with the author.
The present work covers practically all aspects of black hole physics and its
astrophysical applications. Among the topics treated in depth are: space-time of
stationary black holes, general theory of black holes, black hole perturbations,
black hole numerics, black hole electrodynamics, black holes in unified theories
of gravity, quantum black holes, final states of evaporating black holes and the
information loss puzzle. Special attention is paid to the role of black holes in
astrophysics and observational evidence of black hole existence. Many exotic
subjects linked with black holes, such as white holes, wormholes, and time
machines are discussed in detail. Numerous appendices cover mathematical aspects
of general relativity and black holes and quantum field theory in curved
spacetime. This makes the book practically self-contained. Extensive references
provide the reader with a guide to the literature in this field. Audience: This
book will be of interest to researchers and postgraduate students whose work
involves relativity and gravitation, statistical physics, thermo-dynamics,
active galactic nuclei and stellar physics.
A black hole is, by definition, a region in spacetime in which the gravitational
field is so strong that it precludes even light from escaping to infinity.
A black hole is formed when a body of mass M contracts to a size less than the
socalled gravitational radius rg = 2GM/c2 (G is Newton’s gravitational constant,
and c is the speed of light). The velocity required to leave the boundary of the
black hole and move away to infinity (the escape velocity) equals the speed of
light. ne easily concludes then that neither signals nor particles can escape
from the region inside the black hole since the speed of light is the limiting
propagation velocity for physical signals. This conclusion is of absolute nature
in Einstein’s theory of gravitation because the gravitational interaction is
universal. The role of gravitational charge is played by mass whose value is
proportional to the total energy of the system. Hence, all objects with nonzero
energy participate in the gravitational interaction. Einstein’s theory of gravitation,
alias general relativity, is employed to the full in the description of black holes.
It may appear at first glance that one cannot hope to obtain an acceptably complete
description of black holes, owing to the complexity of the equations involved and,
among other factors, their essential nonlinearity. Fortunately, it was found that
shortly after its formation, any black hole becomes stationary, and its field is
determined in a unique manner by a small number of parameters; namely, its mass and
angular momentum, and its electric charge (if it is charged). The physical reason
for this striking property of black holes is the fact that in the extremely strong
field of a black hole in empty space, only very special types of configuration of
physical fields (including the gravitational field) can be stationary.
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