The topic of this book is described in the first few pages of
the opening chapter. It concerns what may be the least expected
turn of scientific thought in twenty-five centuries.
Should this return to a remote past-for that is what the most
recent philosophy of science really is-be generally accepted,
our descendants a few generations hence will look back on
us and our science as incredibly unenlightened.
Not much of the proposed substitute for the scientific
method as commonly understood has been discussed outside
professional scientific circles. An untechnical account of the
origins and progress of the new approach to nature may therefore
be of interest to those who do not make their livings at
science. It will appear that the new and the old are strangely
alike.
For valuable criticisms and suggestions I am indebted to
many friends, professional and other. Though I alone am
responsible for what finally got written down, I should like
especially to thank Eleanor Bohnenblust, Frederic Bohnenblust,
Mary Mayo, and Las16 Zechmeister for their patience
and helpfulness with it all, and Nina Jo Reeves for preparing
the manuscript for publication. For permission to reprint the
excerpts that appeared in Scripta Mathematica, I am indebted
to the editors of Scripta.

E. T. BELL

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EVERYONE walking the face of this earth has an abundance of
fat cells throughout their bodies. In fact, if you’re a healthy
adult with normal body composition, you have approximately
30 billion fat cells. This is an astronomical number when you
think about it. Did you ever wonder why you have so many?
Have you ever wondered what those fat cells are for?
Fat Cells Are Genetically Programmed
The answer is, fat cells are part of our genetic code and they
enable us to use stored energy when food is scarce. This survival
mechanism works very much the same today as it did 10,000
years ago. However, there is an abundance of food in modern
society today, and we no longer need to store so much fat to
survive.
When you consume too many calories, your body goes into
storage mode for the “lean times,” so to speak, but the lean
time never comes. So your body simply stores those extra
calories as fat. When you eat fewer calories than your body
demands, your cells release stored fat for energy. Pretty simple
equation; however, not all fat is the same.
Placement of Fat Deposits in Your Body
The placement of fat deposits on our bodies varies depending
on each person’s genetic influences, lifestyle choices, and
nutritional intake. Men tend to store their body fat around their
bellies and chest. Women tend to store it around their hips,
buttocks, thighs, and the backs of their arms. A complete
discussion of hormones and fat storage is beyond the scope of
this article, but let it suffice to say that certain hormonal
processes do determine body fat distribution.

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These lessons are designed using basic skills already learned by students;
to measure and to draw straight lines using a ruler. Elements of self-expression
are based on familiarity and habit and will come gradually - particularly when
the student grows comfortable with the lesson structure. Such self-expression is
first emphasised in the homestudy area.

The second part of the lessons will deal with the freehand elements of drawing
but it has been my experience that these freehand lessons come easier with confidence,
enthusiasm, discipline and a general understanding of the principles of perspective and
the drawing of regular solids. For those who think good drawing has nothing to do with
the understanding of basic structure need not read much further. Be warned that it is
my way to teach that basic structure first.

If the lessons are conducted as I have designed them the teacher will find most children
will tend to neglect more formal homework and concentrate on expressing themselves by
completing their drawings in their own time. I have taught these lessons to all ages
including disturbed children, intelligent young adults, three different cultures, and to
individuals completely disinterested in education generally. The end results were universal,
the students became more perceptive

John Hagan

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Everyone has observed chemical reactions involving pyrotechnic mixtures.
Beautiful 4th of July fireworks, highway distress signals,
solid fuel boosters for the Space Shuttle, and the black powder used
by muzzle-loading rifle enthusiasts all have a common technical background.
The chemical principles underlying these high-energy materials
have been somewhat neglected in the twentieth century by academic
and industrial researchers. Most of the recent work has been goaloriented
rather than fundamental in nature (e.g. , produce a deeper
green flame). Many of the significant results are found in military
reports, and chemical fundamentals must be gleaned from many pages
of test results.
Much of today’s knowledge is carried in the heads of experienced
personnel. Many of these workers acquired their initial training during
World War II, and they are presently fast approaching (if not
already past) retirement age. This is most unfortunate for future
researchers. Newcomers have a difficult time acquiring the skills and
knowledge needed to begin productive experiments. A background
in chemistry is helpful, but much of today’s modern chemistry curriculum
will never be used by someone working in pyrotechnics and
explosives. Further, the critical education in how to safely mix,
handle, and store high-energy materials is not covered at all in today’s
schools and must be acquired in “on-the-job” training.
This book is an attempt to provide an introduction to the basic
principles of high-energy chemistry to newcomers and to serve as a
review for experienced personnel. It can by no means substitute
for the essential “hands on” experience and training necessary to
safely work in the field, but I hope that it will be a helpful companion.
An attempt has been made to keep chemical theory simple and
directly applicable to pyrotechnics and explosives. The level approaches
that of an introductory college course, and study of this
text may prepare persons to attend professional meetings and seminars
dealing with high-energy materials and enable them to intelligently
follow the material being presented. In particular, the International
Pyrotechnic Seminars, hosted biannually by the Illinois
Institute of Technology Research Institute in conjunction with the
International Pyrotechnics Society, have played a major role in
bringing researchers together to discuss current work. The Proceedings
of the nine seminars held to date contain a wealth of information
that can be read and contemplated by persons with adequate
introduction to the field of high-energy chemistry.
I would like to express my appreciation to Mr. Richard Seltzer of
the American Chemical Society and to Dr. Maurits Dekker of Marcel
Dekker, Inc. for their encouragement and their willingness to recognize
pyrotechnics as a legitimate branch of modern chemistry. I
am grateful to Washington College for a sabbatical leave in 1983 that
enabled me to finalize the manuscript. I would also like to express
my thanks to many colleagues in the field of pyrotechnics who have
provided me with data as well as encouragement, and to my 1983 and
1984 Summer Chemistry Seminar groups at Washington College for
their review of draft versions of this book. I also appreciate the
support and encouragement given to me by my wife and children as
I concentrated on this effort.
Finally, I must acknowledge the many years of friendship and
collaboration that I enjoyed with Dr. Joseph H. McLain, former
Chemistry Department Chairman and subsequently President of
Washington College. It was his enthusiasm and encouragement that
dragged me away from the norbornyl cation and physical organic
chemistry into the fascinating realm of pyrotechnics and explosives.
The field of high-energy chemistry lost an important leader when
Dr. McLain passed away in 1981.
John A. Conkling

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Sexy Fresh New Faces From Coast To Coast

In this issue:

Shannon Gilbert

Amanda Quagliata

Lisa Lacey

Iris-Jinger Santos

Brooke Windatt

Evita Sanchez

Erika Jordan

Clare Elizabeth

Sabrina Rose

Carole Hunt

Sharon Petock

Natalie Knight

Athena Lundberg

Renata Cristina

Kristin Marie

Jenny Tuck

Emily Dean

Crystal Enloe

Amanda Batt

Emily Damiano

Taryn Terrell

Amy Landrock

Marty Spence

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